In this episode of Full Disclosure, Nox and I describe four improved methods of cracking WEP encryption: the ARP Request Replay Attack, Fragmentation Attack, Caffe Latte Attack, and Hirte Attack. The ARP Request Replay Attack and the Fragmentation Attack are known as clientless attacks because they do not require a client to be connected to the wireless AP. To initiate the attack, these two attacks only require one data packet. The Caffe Latte Attack and the Hirte Attack are client-based attacks because they specifically target clients to increase the IVs. Also, we show an improved method of cracking the IVs called the PTW cracking method. With the PTW method, WEP encryption can be cracked 80% of the time with only 60,000 IVs.
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Source: http://infinityexists.com/
Mark Achel Gagalac
Showing posts with label linux. Show all posts
Showing posts with label linux. Show all posts
Friday, January 14, 2011
Thursday, January 13, 2011
Forgotten root Password - Fedora / CentOS
You can log in using single-user mode and create a new root password.
To enter single-user mode, reboot your computer. If you use the default boot loader, GRUB, you can enter single user mode by performing the following:
1. At the boot loader menu, use the arrow keys to highlight the installation you want to edit and type [A] to enter into append mode.
2. You are presented with a prompt that looks similar to the following:
3. Press the Spacebar once to add a blank space, then add the word single to tell GRUB to boot into single-user Linux mode. The result should look like the following:
4. Press [Enter] and GRUB will boot single-user Linux mode. After it finishes loading, you will be presented with a shell prompt similar to the following:
5. You can now change the root password by typing
Here is my step by step screenshot resetting my own root password.
step 1
step 2
step 3
step 4
step 5
step 6
Enjoy!
Mark Achel Gagalac
To enter single-user mode, reboot your computer. If you use the default boot loader, GRUB, you can enter single user mode by performing the following:
1. At the boot loader menu, use the arrow keys to highlight the installation you want to edit and type [A] to enter into append mode.
2. You are presented with a prompt that looks similar to the following:
grub append> ro root=LABEL=/
3. Press the Spacebar once to add a blank space, then add the word single to tell GRUB to boot into single-user Linux mode. The result should look like the following:
ro root=LABEL=/ single
4. Press [Enter] and GRUB will boot single-user Linux mode. After it finishes loading, you will be presented with a shell prompt similar to the following:
sh-2.05b#
5. You can now change the root password by typing
passwd root
Here is my step by step screenshot resetting my own root password.
step 1
step 2
step 3
step 4
step 5
step 6
Enjoy!
Mark Achel Gagalac
Wednesday, December 29, 2010
Basic Linux Commands
These commands will work with most (if not all) distributions of Linux as well as most (?) implementations of Unix.
Communication
ftp – File Transfer Protocol.
login – Sign on.
rlogin – Sign on to remote system.
rsh – Run shell or single command on remote system.
talk -Exchange messages interactively with other terminals.
telnet – Connect to another system.
tftp – Trivial file transfer protocol.
Comparisons
cmp – Compare two files, byte by byte.
comm – Compare items in two sorted files.
diff – Compare two files, line by line.
diff3 – Compare three files.
File Management
cat – Concatenate files or display them.
chfn -Change user information for finger, email, etc.
cksum – Compute checksum.
chmod -Change access modes on files.
chsh – Change login shell.
cp – Copy files.
csplit -Break files at specific locations.
dd -Copy files in raw disk form.
file – Determine a file’s type.
head – Show the first few lines of a file.
less – Display files by screenful.
ln – Create filename aliases.
ls – List files or directories.
merge – Merge changes from different files.
mkdir -Create a directory.
more – Display files by screenful.
mv – Move or rename files or directories.
newgrp – Change current group.
pwd – Print working directory.
rcp – Copy files to remote system.
rm -Remove files.
rmdir -Remove directories.
split – Split files evenly.
tail – Show the last few lines of a file.
wc – Count lines, words, and characters.
Communication
ftp – File Transfer Protocol.
login – Sign on.
rlogin – Sign on to remote system.
rsh – Run shell or single command on remote system.
talk -Exchange messages interactively with other terminals.
telnet – Connect to another system.
tftp – Trivial file transfer protocol.
Comparisons
cmp – Compare two files, byte by byte.
comm – Compare items in two sorted files.
diff – Compare two files, line by line.
diff3 – Compare three files.
File Management
cat – Concatenate files or display them.
chfn -Change user information for finger, email, etc.
cksum – Compute checksum.
chmod -Change access modes on files.
chsh – Change login shell.
cp – Copy files.
csplit -Break files at specific locations.
dd -Copy files in raw disk form.
file – Determine a file’s type.
head – Show the first few lines of a file.
less – Display files by screenful.
ln – Create filename aliases.
ls – List files or directories.
merge – Merge changes from different files.
mkdir -Create a directory.
more – Display files by screenful.
mv – Move or rename files or directories.
newgrp – Change current group.
pwd – Print working directory.
rcp – Copy files to remote system.
rm -Remove files.
rmdir -Remove directories.
split – Split files evenly.
tail – Show the last few lines of a file.
wc – Count lines, words, and characters.
Friday, December 10, 2010
Linux Integration Services v2.1 for Windows Server 2008 Hyper-V R2
I tried to google a tool and a way to make a linux or redhat based system run on Hyper-V and finally I found a good one.
A set of drivers that enable synthetic device support in supported Linux virtual machines under Hyper-V.
Here's the Link:
http://www.microsoft.com/downloads/en/details.aspx?displaylang=en&FamilyID=eee39325-898b-4522-9b4c-f4b5b9b64551
A set of drivers that enable synthetic device support in supported Linux virtual machines under Hyper-V.
Here's the Link:
http://www.microsoft.com/downloads/en/details.aspx?displaylang=en&FamilyID=eee39325-898b-4522-9b4c-f4b5b9b64551
Thursday, December 9, 2010
PHP Point Of Sale Installation Guide on CentOS 5.5
download the latest release of php point of sale here:
http://www.phppointofsale.com/downloads.php
extract and upload it to your /var/www/html folder
rename the folder to pos
login to shell
install additional software needed
yum install httpd
yum install php
yum install mysql
yum install php-mysql
yum install php-devel
yum install php-pear
yum install gcc
pear install pecl/json
cd /etc/php.d
echo "extension=json.so" > json.ini
reboot
mysql -u root -p
create database pos;
grant all on pos.* to posuser@localhost identified by 'pospassword';
flush privileges;
exit
import the database
mysql -u root -p pos < /var/www/html/pos/database/database.sql -v
cd /var/www/html/pos/application/config
cp database.php.tmpl database.php
vi database.php
fill up the database info and save it.
you're done.
http://www.phppointofsale.com/downloads.php
extract and upload it to your /var/www/html folder
rename the folder to pos
login to shell
install additional software needed
yum install httpd
yum install php
yum install mysql
yum install php-mysql
yum install php-devel
yum install php-pear
yum install gcc
pear install pecl/json
cd /etc/php.d
echo "extension=json.so" > json.ini
reboot
mysql -u root -p
create database pos;
grant all on pos.* to posuser@localhost identified by 'pospassword';
flush privileges;
exit
import the database
mysql -u root -p pos < /var/www/html/pos/database/database.sql -v
cd /var/www/html/pos/application/config
cp database.php.tmpl database.php
vi database.php
fill up the database info and save it.
you're done.
Saturday, December 4, 2010
ZoneMinder 1.24.2 Installation Guide on CentOS 5.5
Most of this is taken from the zoneminder wiki, others from various posts on their forums. I put them all together and this guide works 200%. This guide serves as my cheat sheet and have implemented in several machines. Goodluck!
---
1) yum update then reboot
2) Setup -> Firewall -> disable Security Level and SELinux
3) Disable the following services and then reboot...
apmd
bluetooth
cups
hidd
ip6tables
iptables
netfs
nfslock
pcscd
portmap
4) Add RPM Forge REPO
rpm -Uhv http://apt.sw.be/redhat/el5/en/i386/rpmforge/RPMS/rpmforge-release-0.3.6-1.el5.rf.i386.rpm
5) Install software needed for ZM Installation:
yum -y install mysql mysql-server mysql-devel php php-gd php-mysql httpd gcc pcre-devel gd mod_ssl glib2-devel gcc-c++ ntp gnutls-devel ImageMagick libjpeg-devel perl-Archive-Tar perl-MIME-Lite perl-MIME-tools perl-Date-Manip perl-LWP-UserAgent-Determined perl-PHP-Serialization perl-Device-SerialPort perl-Archive-Zip perl-Sys-Mmap.i386 perl-Module-Load subversion git screen yasm
6) Confirm installation and then reboot.
7) Install ffmpeg
rpm -Uvh http://apt.sw.be/redhat/el5/en/i386/rpmforge/RPMS/rpmforge-release-0.5.1-1.el5.rf.i386.rpm
yum install ffmpeg ffmpeg-devel
8) Turn on services:
chkconfig httpd on
chkconfig mysqld on
chkconfig ntpd on
ntpdate pool.ntp.org
service httpd start
service mysqld start
service ntpd start
9) Setup your MySQL:
/usr/bin/mysql_secure_installation
10) Download and extract ZM files:
cd /root
wget http://www2.zoneminder.com/downloads/ZoneMinder-1.24.2.tar.gz
wget http://www.zoneminder.com/fileadmin/downloads/cambozola.jar
tar -zxvf ZoneMinder-1.24.2.tar.gz
cd ZoneMinder-1.24.2
11) Install
CXXFLAGS=-D__STDC_CONSTANT_MACROS ./configure --with-webdir=/var/www/html/zm --with-cgidir=/var/www/cgi-bin --with-webuser=apache --with-webgroup=apache ZM_DB_HOST=localhost ZM_DB_NAME=zm ZM_DB_USER=zmuser ZM_DB_PASS=yourpassword
make
make install
12) MySQL Preparation:
mysql -u root -p
create database zm;
grant all on zm.* to zmuser@localhost identified by 'yourpassword';
flush privileges;
exit
13) Import the Database:
cd /root/ZoneMinder-1.24.2
mysql -u root -p zm < db/zm_create.sql
14) Finale
cp scripts/zm /etc/init.d/
chmod +x /etc/init.d/zm
chkconfig zm on
cd ..
cp cambozola.jar /var/www/html/zm/
chown apache:apache /var/www/html/zm/cambozola.jar
service zm start
--
and you're done! kindly check the wiki / documentation for option properties. adding cams, adjusting this and such..
Mark
Saturday, October 23, 2010
Setting IP address in Backtrack 4
These are my step to set ip address:
1. Open Konsole.
2. Type "ifconfig eth0 192.168.1.5" and press "enter" (this mean we set ip address 192.168.1.5 for ethernet card)
3. Type "route add default gw 192.168.1.1" and press "enter" (this mean we set default get way 192.168.1.1 for this ethernet, and this is depend on our network)
4. Type "echo nameserver 202.134.0.155 > /etc/resolve.conf" and press enter (this mean we set dns server ip address with: 202.134.0.155, and this is depend on our ISP)
5. If finish we can check our connection by pinging our getway (in this example "ping 192.168.1.1") if this connection OK, we can see "64 bytes from 192.168.1.1: icmp_seq=1 ttl=254 time=0.961 ms" appear in our console. Time in ms depend on our network.
I hope this post can help others.
1. Open Konsole.
2. Type "ifconfig eth0 192.168.1.5" and press "enter" (this mean we set ip address 192.168.1.5 for ethernet card)
3. Type "route add default gw 192.168.1.1" and press "enter" (this mean we set default get way 192.168.1.1 for this ethernet, and this is depend on our network)
4. Type "echo nameserver 202.134.0.155 > /etc/resolve.conf" and press enter (this mean we set dns server ip address with: 202.134.0.155, and this is depend on our ISP)
5. If finish we can check our connection by pinging our getway (in this example "ping 192.168.1.1") if this connection OK, we can see "64 bytes from 192.168.1.1: icmp_seq=1 ttl=254 time=0.961 ms" appear in our console. Time in ms depend on our network.
I hope this post can help others.
How to Start Networking in Backtrack
1. To start networking in Backtrack 4 final issue the following command.
/etc/init.d/networking start
This will attempt to start all the interfaces in the /etc/network/interfaces file.
root@bt:~# cat /etc/network/interfaces
auto lo
iface lo inet loopback
auto eth0
iface eth0 inet dhcp
auto eth1
iface eth1 inet dhcp
auto eth2
iface eth2 inet dhcp
auto ath0
iface ath0 inet dhcp
auto wlan0
iface wlan0 inet dhcp
If you don't have or don't want some of these interfaces then simply remove the from this file and they will not start.
If you need to set a static IP just set the variables in the /etc/network/interfaces file
auto eth0
iface eth0 inet static
address 192.168.0.100
netmask 255.255.255.0
network 192.168.0.0
broadcast 192.168.0.255
gateway 192.168.0.1
You will also need to make sure you set a nameserver in /etc/resolv.conf
root@bt:~# cat /etc/resolv.conf
nameserver 192.168.0.1
So for example if all you have is eth0 and wlan0 on your system and you want them both to get a adress via DHCP then remove every thing else for the file with the exception of the lo interface. Here is a example.
root@bt:~# cat /etc/network/interfaces
auto lo
iface lo inet loopback
auto eth0
iface eth0 inet dhcp
auto wlan0
iface wlan0 inet dhcp
Now if are lazy and want all this to start at boot you can simply issue this command as root
update-rc.d networking defaults
This will create all the proper sym-links
What about ssh?
So while I am on the subject I may as well go over ssh. In order to use ssh on backtrack 4 final you need to generate the keys first.
sshd-generate
after that you can start ssh like this:
/etc/init.d/ssh start
or you can add it to the boot sequence like this:
update-rc.d ssh defaults
Well thats enough to get up and running. I hope this was somewhat helpful to any one just getting started with backtrack.
/etc/init.d/networking start
This will attempt to start all the interfaces in the /etc/network/interfaces file.
root@bt:~# cat /etc/network/interfaces
auto lo
iface lo inet loopback
auto eth0
iface eth0 inet dhcp
auto eth1
iface eth1 inet dhcp
auto eth2
iface eth2 inet dhcp
auto ath0
iface ath0 inet dhcp
auto wlan0
iface wlan0 inet dhcp
If you don't have or don't want some of these interfaces then simply remove the from this file and they will not start.
If you need to set a static IP just set the variables in the /etc/network/interfaces file
auto eth0
iface eth0 inet static
address 192.168.0.100
netmask 255.255.255.0
network 192.168.0.0
broadcast 192.168.0.255
gateway 192.168.0.1
You will also need to make sure you set a nameserver in /etc/resolv.conf
root@bt:~# cat /etc/resolv.conf
nameserver 192.168.0.1
So for example if all you have is eth0 and wlan0 on your system and you want them both to get a adress via DHCP then remove every thing else for the file with the exception of the lo interface. Here is a example.
root@bt:~# cat /etc/network/interfaces
auto lo
iface lo inet loopback
auto eth0
iface eth0 inet dhcp
auto wlan0
iface wlan0 inet dhcp
Now if are lazy and want all this to start at boot you can simply issue this command as root
update-rc.d networking defaults
This will create all the proper sym-links
What about ssh?
So while I am on the subject I may as well go over ssh. In order to use ssh on backtrack 4 final you need to generate the keys first.
sshd-generate
after that you can start ssh like this:
/etc/init.d/ssh start
or you can add it to the boot sequence like this:
update-rc.d ssh defaults
Well thats enough to get up and running. I hope this was somewhat helpful to any one just getting started with backtrack.
Monday, August 16, 2010
Dynamic Versus Static IP Addresses
Here we describe dynamic and static IP addresses, and discuss the advantages and disadvantages associated with each type.
A.1 Dynamic IP (DHCP) Address
Each time a DHCP client boots, it sends out a DHCP discover message. All DHCP servers answer (in practice only one is set to do this at Fermilab; in the future possibly a second will be added for redundancy) with an offer message that includes an address which is available to the client.
The client machine typically repeats the discover message several times to make sure it hears from all the servers, then eventually chooses the "best" server, where what is "best" is up to the client. It may mean that the addresses the DHCP server has available offer the longest lease time. Or the client might prefer a server that provides WINS servers over one that doesn't (the WINS servers keep track of all the clients' and servers' latest dynamic IP addresses).
The currently active DHCP server is configured by hand to handle and reserve IP addresses and the IP configuration information that goes with them. Addresses are made available in an order that permits a client to have the best chance of getting back the same address it was using most recently. To this end, the DHCP server offers its least recently used address to a new client.
Once the client chooses a DHCP server, it "officially" requests the IP address and configuration information. In addition to this, it receives a lease time for the address. This lease time is not absolute. As long as it is running, the client machine requests renewal of the lease. This is invisible to the user, although there is a mechanism for the user to release the address early ( ipconfig/release from the command prompt).
Client machines in the NT domain typically access multiple file servers, print servers, and so on. The clients as well as the servers may change their IP addresses. Via the WINS servers, this is transparent to the user.
Advantages
1. All the IP configuration information gets automatically configured for your client machine by the DHCP server.
2. If you move your client machine to a different subnet, the client will send out its discover message at boot time and work as usual. However, when you first boot up there you will not be able to get back the IP address you had at your previous location regardless of how little time has passed.
Disadvantage
Your machine name does not change when you get a new IP address. The DNS (Domain Name System) name is associated with your IP address and therefore does change. This only presents a problem if other clients try to access your machine by its DNS name. One example is ftp . If a Windows machine is set up as an ftp server, then its ftp server name (which uses the DNS name) changes every time the IP address does. If you need to use your Windows machine as an ftp server (or as a Web server), request a static IP address rather than a dynamic one.
A.2 Static IP Address
Advantages
1. The two names (Windows name and DNS name) are the same as each other, and neither ever changes. Other clients may therefore reliably access your machine by its DNS name (e.g., using ftp ).
2. With a static address your machine is more easily accessible by non-Windows internet services. This is not a significant advantage as people seldom telnet to their Windows PC.
Disadvantages
1. You can't move your machine to a different subnet and expect it to work. You need to reconfigure it.
2. If machines come and go, or are up only some of the time, static assignments are less resource-efficient (where the resource in question is the IP address itself).
SOURCE: http://www.fnal.gov/docs/pc/nt_at_fermilab/html/current/ntguide.b.html
A.1 Dynamic IP (DHCP) Address
Each time a DHCP client boots, it sends out a DHCP discover message. All DHCP servers answer (in practice only one is set to do this at Fermilab; in the future possibly a second will be added for redundancy) with an offer message that includes an address which is available to the client.
The client machine typically repeats the discover message several times to make sure it hears from all the servers, then eventually chooses the "best" server, where what is "best" is up to the client. It may mean that the addresses the DHCP server has available offer the longest lease time. Or the client might prefer a server that provides WINS servers over one that doesn't (the WINS servers keep track of all the clients' and servers' latest dynamic IP addresses).
The currently active DHCP server is configured by hand to handle and reserve IP addresses and the IP configuration information that goes with them. Addresses are made available in an order that permits a client to have the best chance of getting back the same address it was using most recently. To this end, the DHCP server offers its least recently used address to a new client.
Once the client chooses a DHCP server, it "officially" requests the IP address and configuration information. In addition to this, it receives a lease time for the address. This lease time is not absolute. As long as it is running, the client machine requests renewal of the lease. This is invisible to the user, although there is a mechanism for the user to release the address early ( ipconfig/release from the command prompt).
Client machines in the NT domain typically access multiple file servers, print servers, and so on. The clients as well as the servers may change their IP addresses. Via the WINS servers, this is transparent to the user.
Advantages
1. All the IP configuration information gets automatically configured for your client machine by the DHCP server.
2. If you move your client machine to a different subnet, the client will send out its discover message at boot time and work as usual. However, when you first boot up there you will not be able to get back the IP address you had at your previous location regardless of how little time has passed.
Disadvantage
Your machine name does not change when you get a new IP address. The DNS (Domain Name System) name is associated with your IP address and therefore does change. This only presents a problem if other clients try to access your machine by its DNS name. One example is ftp . If a Windows machine is set up as an ftp server, then its ftp server name (which uses the DNS name) changes every time the IP address does. If you need to use your Windows machine as an ftp server (or as a Web server), request a static IP address rather than a dynamic one.
A.2 Static IP Address
Advantages
1. The two names (Windows name and DNS name) are the same as each other, and neither ever changes. Other clients may therefore reliably access your machine by its DNS name (e.g., using ftp ).
2. With a static address your machine is more easily accessible by non-Windows internet services. This is not a significant advantage as people seldom telnet to their Windows PC.
Disadvantages
1. You can't move your machine to a different subnet and expect it to work. You need to reconfigure it.
2. If machines come and go, or are up only some of the time, static assignments are less resource-efficient (where the resource in question is the IP address itself).
SOURCE: http://www.fnal.gov/docs/pc/nt_at_fermilab/html/current/ntguide.b.html
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